Some of these bots are very simple, and just retweet content produced by human supporters. Retweeting bots’ content without first verifying its accuracy can have real consequences, including spreading rumors, conspiracy theories or misinformation. We know this because bots are being retweeted at the same rate as humans. Instead, we found that most human users can’t tell whether a tweet is posted by another real user or by a bot. We learned that people were not able to ignore, or develop a sort of immunity toward, the bots’ presence and activity.

The effectiveness of social bots depends on the reactions of actual people. There are many examples of bot-generated tweets, supporting their candidates, or attacking the opponents. Read more: Behold Donald Trump's pink Mexican border wall, designed by Estudio 3.14 Our tool is 95 percent accurate at this determination. After considering more than 1,000 factors, Bot Or Not generates a likelihood score that the account under scrutiny is a bot. Bot Or Not uses advanced machine learning algorithms to analyse multiple cues, including Twitter profile metadata, the content and topics posted by the account under inspection, the structure of its social network, the timeline of activity and much more. To determine which accounts are bots and which are humans, we use Bot Or Not, a publicly available bot-detection service developed in collaboration with colleagues at Indiana University.

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